Recommendations

Project	Type	#	Outcome	Report	Year
	Key finding	7	Community observations from local and traditional experts have much untapped potential as ‘early warning systems’	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
	Advice		Develop tools for data sharing so that data collected can be used by a wide range of people engaged in Arctic biodiversity science, policy and management.	Arctic Biodiversity Congress 2014, Co-Chairs Report	2014
	Key finding	2	Research efforts relevant to indigenous communities should establish partnerships with them and contribute to building their capacity, for example by hiring local residents, and providing training and equipment	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
	Key finding		Conservation of biodiversity and of the ecosystem services it provides requires a long-term perspective and sustained actions at many different temporal and spatial scales.	Arctic Biodiversity Congress 2014, Co-Chairs Report	2014
	Key finding		The relationship between biodiversity and climate change is complex. While climate change has been identified as the key stressor of Arctic biodiversity, the degree to which it has a negative impact depends on complex relationships between climate change, other stressors, geography, economics, politics and management regimes.	Arctic Biodiversity Congress 2014, Co-Chairs Report	2014
Actions for Arctic Biodiversity 2025-2035	Action	4	Establish a monitoring and evaluation framework for implementation of the actions for Arctic biodiversity. 4.1 Develop indicators to monitor implementation of the Actions for Arctic Biodiversity, assess and evaluate effectiveness of implementation, and report in relevant fora.	Actions for Arctic Biodiversity 2025-2035	2025
Actions for Arctic Biodiversity 2025-2035	Action	1	Address individual and cumulative effects of stressors and drivers of Arctic biodiversity loss. 1.1 Enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation through ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions to minimize the impact of climate change on Arctic biodiversity. 1.2 Contribute to reducing the threats of pollution to Arctic biodiversity. 1.3 Provide scientific knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge to support management actions to enable recovery and conservation of species and ecosystems. 1.4 Support efforts to minimize the threat of invasive alien/non-native species to Arctic biodiversity. 1.5 Contribute to area-based conservation measures including Indigenous-led and managed, protected, or conserved areas, and restoration of degraded Arctic ecosystems. 1.6 Promote appropriate measures to reduce human disturbances.	Actions for Arctic Biodiversity 2025-2035	2025
Actions for Arctic Biodiversity 2025-2035	Action	3	Advance enabling conditions to support implementation of actions. 3.1 Strengthen opportunities to inform and interact with international and national processes. 3.2 Strengthen Arctic Council and CAFF networks to better address biodiversity conservation and ensure engagement of key partners. 3.3 Mobilize people, funding and infrastructure to support implementation. 3.4 Improve communication on the importance of Arctic biodiversity and sustainable management, including challenges, needs and successes. 3.5 Support the participation of Indigenous Peoples and the Permanent Participants, to enable continued Indigenous-led conservation and management of Arctic biodiversity. 3.6 Support mainstreaming biodiversity, including in sectors driving biodiversity loss and/or of importance in the Arctic.	Actions for Arctic Biodiversity 2025-2035	2025
Actions for Arctic Biodiversity 2025-2035	Action	2	Promote sustainable use of Arctic biodiversity. 2.1 Enhance science and Indigenous Knowledge and monitoring to support sustainable management of species and ecosystems. 2.2 Contribute to sustainable management of species and ecosystems, using an ecosystem approach. 2.3 Protect and respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples including the rights to use, manage, and conserve their lands and waters.	Actions for Arctic Biodiversity 2025-2035	2025
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Action	B	Convene Arctic Biodiversity Congress. a. Convene, and report the results of the first Arctic Biodiversity Congress, create dialogue on ABA key findings and recommendations, solicit review and input on draft ABA action plan, establish partnerships and advance implementation actions. b. Convene, and report the results of, a second Arctic Biodiversity Congress to promote the conservation and sustainable use of Arctic biodiversity focusing on the results of the CBMP state of the Arctic biodiversity reports, progress on implementation of ABA recommendations, and attainment of Aichi Targets. c. Convene a third congress.	Actions for Arctic Biodiversity, 2013-2021: Implementing the recommendations of the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment	2015
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Recommendation	14	Recognize the value of traditional ecological knowledge and work to further integrate it into the assessment, planning and management of Arctic biodiversity. This includes involving Arctic peoples and their knowledge in the survey, monitoring and analysis of Arctic biodiversity.	Arctic Biodiversity Assessment: Report for Policy Makers	2013
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Key finding	6	Long-term observations based on the best available traditional and scientific knowledge are required to identify changes in biodiversity, assess the implications of observed changes, and develop adaptation strategies.	Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010 – Selected indicators of change	2010
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Recommendation	9	Reduce the threat of invasive alien/non-native species to the Arctic by developing and implementing common measures for early detection and reporting, identifying and blocking pathways of introduction, and sharing best practices and techniques for monitoring, eradication and control. This includes supporting international efforts currently underway, for example those of the International Maritime Organization to effectively treat ballast water to clean and treat ship hulls and drilling rigs.	Arctic Biodiversity Assessment: Report for Policy Makers	2013
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Key finding	1	Unique Arctic habitats for flora and fauna, including sea ice, tundra, thermokarst ponds and lakes, and permafrost peatlands have been disappearing over recent decades.	Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010 – Selected indicators of change	2010
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Recommendation	4	Require the incorporation of biodiversity objectives and provisions into all Arctic Council work and encourage the same for on-going and future international standards, agreements, plans, operations and/or other tools specific to development in the Arctic. This should include, but not be restricted to, oil and gas development, shipping, fishing, tourism and mining.	Arctic Biodiversity Assessment: Report for Policy Makers	2013
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Action	16	Research and monitor individual and cumulative effects of stressors and drivers of relevance to biodiversity, with a focus on stressors that are expected to have rapid and significant impacts and issues where knowledge is lacking. This should include, but not be limited to, modelling potential future species range changes as a result of these stressors; developing knowledge of and identifying tipping points, thresholds and cumulative effects for Arctic biodiversity; and developing robust quantitative indicators for stressors through the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program. 16.1. Analyse the state of knowledge and data on cumulative effects and identify priorities, adding the biotic parameters to abiotic work. 16.2. Consider impacts of stressors and drivers within the scheduled reviews of the CBMP ecosystem monitoring plans. 16.3. Continue to develop and report on key robust indicators of Arctic biodiversity, in particular ones that can be used to track and understand cumulative effects. a. Update the Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010; selected indicators of change report b. Land cover Change Index c. Protected areas using data from CAFF and PAME d. Arctic Migratory Bird Index e. Invasive species. 16.4 Improve predictive capacity through increased observations, research, scenarios and models as tools for understanding of processes governing changes in the Arctic and influencing future decisions. 16.5. Update the 2011 assessment on Arctic Ocean Acidification, including the extent andbiological effects and case studies of impacts in specific Arctic areas (Assessment of ArcticOcean Acidification). 16.6. Assess the combined effects of contaminants and climate change. 16.7. Assess the effects on marine mammals of ship noise, disturbance and strikes in Arcticmarine waters and, where needed, develop and mitigation strategies (AMSA IIG). 16.8. Based on current work by the CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment (CARMA) Network, develop an example of an ecosystem approach to cumulative effects from a keystone species’ perspective, integrating, over the species annual range, effects from climate change, infrastructure and human activity. The emphasis is on: 1) the assessment framework, 2) standardized monitoring protocols, 3) model-based assessment tools, and 4) application to ecosystem-based management and sensitive habitat protection and management.	Actions for Arctic Biodiversity, 2013-2021: Implementing the recommendations of the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment	2015
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Key finding	2	Create best practices through demonstration projects, and on-the-ground work, including an evaluation of past projects, what worked, and what didn	Arctic Traditional Knowledge and Wisdom: Changes in the North American Arctic	2017
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Key finding	8	Current knowledge of many Arctic species, ecosystems and their stressors is fragmentary, making detection and assessment of trends and their implications difficult for many aspects of Arctic biodiversity.	Arctic Biodiversity Assessment: Report for Policy Makers	2013
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Action	11	Reduce the threat of pollutants to Arctic biodiversity. a. Support and enhance international efforts and cooperation to identify, assess and reduce existing and emerging harmful contaminants. 11.1. Provide information necessary for assessment of trends in, among others, contaminant levels in ecosystems, biological effects, and improve predictive capacity (Trends and Effects Monitoring Programme). 11.2. Prepare an update assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants and resulting biological effects. 11.3. Develop ecosystem models that project ecosystem response to climate change and contaminant-related factors (AACA-C). b. Support the development of appropriate prevention and clean up measures and technologies that are responsive to oil spills in the Arctic, especially in ice-filled waters, such that they are ready for implementation in advance of major oil and gas developments. 11.4. Implement the Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution, Preparedness andResponse in the Arctic , including executing international exercises and maintaining and updating the Operational Guidelines. 11.5. Prepare a Guide to Oil Spill Response in Snow and Ice Conditions in the Arctic. c. Encourage local and national action to implement best practices for local wastes, enhance efforts to clean-up legacy contaminated sites and include contaminant reduction and reclamation plans in development projects. 11.6. Demonstrate rapid assessment and clean-up of old sites, and environmentally sounddestruction of obsolete pesticides in northern Russia. 11.7. Organize an information conference on best practices on contaminant reduction in Indigenous communities.	Actions for Arctic Biodiversity, 2013-2021: Implementing the recommendations of the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment	2015
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA)	Action		CHALLENGE Research is not year-round and data gaps are many in the remote Arctic. POTENTIAL ACTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES Traditional Knowledge and Wisdom can fill data gaps since observations are year-round and often draw on long time frames	Arctic Traditional Knowledge and Wisdom: Changes in the North American Arctic	2017