Recommendations

Project	Type	#	Outcome	Report	Year
CBird: Seabird Expert Group			Research and monitoring Objective Provide reliable information about Ivory Gulls needed to implement the Strategy Actions• Develop a comprehensive research agenda foreach population specifying what informationis most needed, how it will be used, and which countries will be involved in doing the work. • Develop a research agenda that determines whether distinct Ivory Gull populations exist in the circumpolar Arctic. • For each major Ivory Gull breeding population, work to estimate population size, productivity, adult survival rates, and identify migration routes and wintering grounds. • Collaborate with the Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program (AMAP) to study contaminants that may be causing mortality or reproductive problems with Ivory Gulls and seek ways to reduce their adverse impacts. • Develop national and international monitoring plans for Ivory Gulls throughout the circumpolar Arctic.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		4.6	Increase the knowledge base on damages made by kittiwakes breeding on man-made structures and the potential conflict. 4.6.1. More research is needed in order to reduce damage by kittiwake on construction and reduce conflicts with operators.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		4.1	Improve feeding conditions. 4.1.1. Systematically identify important feeding grounds throughout the year. 4.1.2. Identify and quantify diet during breeding and non-breeding season. 4.1.3. Conduct comprehensive, multidisciplinary studies of environmental drivers in wintering grounds (climate and food availability). 4.1.4. Assess the direct and indirect effects of fisheries on kittiwakes.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	3.5	Communications and consultation: 18. Determine appropriate communication approaches and produce materials to deliver specific messages. 19. Emphasize communication to operators of ships at sea, the fishing industry and tour boat operators. 20. Produce educational materials aimed specifically at children. 21. Issue joint scientific reports of activities relating to murre conservation.	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		2.5	Reduce anthropogenic influence reinforcing the negative consequences of climate change.2.5.1. Regulate fisheries in key feeding areas must be regulated (see 2.4.1.) as alteration in food availability and quality due to climate change and increasing sea-surface temperatures emphasize the importance of minimizing anthropogenic influence.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.1	Avoid constructing windfarms near breeding and foraging sites. 1.10.1. Ensure key feeding grounds and breeding sites are identified and taken into account in environmental risk assessmentsof the development of wind farms (on land or at sea).	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	5.3	Reporting: 7. Provide appropriate opportunities for communication between individuals interested in eider conservation, 8. Report annually to CAFF summarizing actions taken or planned under the Strategy	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.5	Improve the understanding of large-scale ecosystem effects of climate change by using the kittiwakeas a model species.1.5.1 Improve the understanding of the ecosystem effects of fisheries interactions and how to adjust maximum sustainable yields in terms of climate-induced changes in the food web that leads to insufficient food supply for adults.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.4	Habitat protection and enhancement: 10. Prepare a summary of protected eider areas, 11. Evaluate existing mechanisms for protecting eider habitat, 12. Protect additional eider habitat as needed, 13 Implement other needed protective measures	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Advice		Collaboration Guidelines • Each country should prepare a national implementation plan for the strategy giving special attention to international collaboration. • Ensure the regional and local governments participate in developing a National Implementation Plan • Enlist the participation of local residents and technical specialists at an early stage in deciding how to implement the Strategy.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group			Commercial activities Objective Minimize adverse effects on Ivory Gulls from commercial activities. Action• Evaluate effects of commercial activity on Ivory Gulls. • Prepare guidelines to industry operations to minimize their impacts on Ivory Gulls.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		4.3	Increase knowledge about the effects of climate change and, if possible, reduce the impact. 4.3.1. Increase research efforts considering climate change and its effect on survival and reproduction rates (seawater acidification, increased water temperatures, increased frequency of storms etc.) 4.3.2. Increase research into the effect of diseases and parasites. 4.3.3. Compensate climate change impact by reducing the effect of other negative drivers	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.1	Priorities: 1. Give high priority to actions addressing significant levels of murre mortality 2. Give high priority to habitat protection for key colonies and foraging areas. 3. Give additional priority to research and monitoring needed to address murre conservation issues. 4. Give additional priority to actions supporting obligations of treaties and agreements.	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		3.1	Secure breeding cliffs from erosion and sea level rise. 3.1.1. Create alternative breeding sites for kittiwakes where breeding cliffs are threatened by erosion. This might also benefit kittiwakes in terms of reduction of predation and/or human conflicts.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	3.2	Non-consumptive use: 5. Ensure that non-consumptive uses of murres are sustainable. 6. Implement management plans for areas of eco-tourism activity. 7. Implement standard guidelines to minimize the impact of disturbance at murre colonies	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		2.2	Reduce predation. 2.2.1 Remove introduced invasive species. 2.2.2. Perform risk analyses/assessments to identify and prioritize areas with introduced species.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.7	Reduce the negative impact of commercial fisheries on adult survival. 1.7.1. (Connected to 1.5.1.) Address how to develop sustainable commercial fisheries considering the added effects of rapid ecosystem changes due to climate change. 1.7.2. Ensure that the management of commercial fisheries on key prey species as well as key ecosystem components is based on best available knowledge and a precautionary approach. 1.7.3. Assess and reduce bycatch in commercial fishing activities, in possible collaboration with AMBI.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.6	Research and monitoring: 20. Develop comprehensive research agendas for each species, 21. Estimate population size, productivity, survivorship, and movements for each major eider populations , 22. Study effects of contaminants on eiders, 23. Develop monitoring plans for eiders	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.2	Reduce the threat from illegal killing. 1.2.1 Support education materials and/or law enforcement efforts in support of existing regulations to prevent illegal killing	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.1	Consumptive use: 1.Develop international harvest plans, 2. Establish appropriate harvest rules , 3.Obtain reliable harvest estimates , 4. Evaluate the opportunity for guided hunts, 5. Support egg and down collection programs.	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997