Recommendations

Project	Type	#	Outcome	Report	Year
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		2.5	Reduce anthropogenic influence reinforcing the negative consequences of climate change.2.5.1. Regulate fisheries in key feeding areas must be regulated (see 2.4.1.) as alteration in food availability and quality due to climate change and increasing sea-surface temperatures emphasize the importance of minimizing anthropogenic influence.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Advice		Setting priorities Guidelines Identify which actions are already being addressed, which actions deserve highest priority for new work, and which of these high priority actions require international collaboration. Give high priority to actions likely to reveal the causes of Ivory Gull declines or to reverse such declines. Among new work to be initiated under the Strategy, give high priority to helping establish international, national, or regional Ivory Gull monitoring programs.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.8	Minimize adverse effects ofhuman activities. 1.8.1. Evaluate effects of detrimental human activity on kittiwakes and prepare guidelines to industry operations to minimize their impacts on kittiwakes.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		4.5	Determine predation rates and the best mitigation measures to reduce the impact. 4.5.1. Investigate the magnitude and effect of predation at population level.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	5.1	Priorities: 1. Identify and prioritize actions, 2. Emphasize causes of eider declines, 3. Establish international, national and regional eider monitoring programs	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.3	Reporting 8. Report annually to CAFF on each nation's progress in implementing this action plan. 9. Meet regularly to revise objectives and actions on the basis of shared information.	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.1	Ensure sustainable harvest. 1.1.1. Regulate hunting/harvest of adults to ensure sustainable outtake, and to implement hunting/harvest moratorium for populations in decline. 1.1.2. Reduce bycatch in hunting and accidental harvest. 1.1.3. Monitor harvest of kittiwakes and conduct surveys to assess the impact on populations.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		3.1	Secure breeding cliffs from erosion and sea level rise. 3.1.1. Create alternative breeding sites for kittiwakes where breeding cliffs are threatened by erosion. This might also benefit kittiwakes in terms of reduction of predation and/or human conflicts.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Advice		Reporting Guidelines Provide appropriate opportunities for communication between those involved in carrying out the Strategy. Report annually to CAFF summarizing actions taken or planned under the Strategy.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	3.2	Non-consumptive use: 5. Ensure that non-consumptive uses of murres are sustainable. 6. Implement management plans for areas of eco-tourism activity. 7. Implement standard guidelines to minimize the impact of disturbance at murre colonies	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.1	Avoid constructing windfarms near breeding and foraging sites. 1.10.1. Ensure key feeding grounds and breeding sites are identified and taken into account in environmental risk assessmentsof the development of wind farms (on land or at sea).	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group			Non-consumptive use Objective Encourage non-consumptive use of Ivory Gulls that do not threaten their populations and ensure that non consumptive use of Ivory Gulls is sustainable. Action Evaluate risks to breeding Ivory Gulls from tourism and other human activities. Prepare guidelines for tourist operators tominimize their impacts on Ivory Gulls. Work to support education and/or enforcement efforts in support of existing harvest regulations to prevent illegal harvest.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	5.3	Reporting: 7. Provide appropriate opportunities for communication between individuals interested in eider conservation, 8. Report annually to CAFF summarizing actions taken or planned under the Strategy	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.3	Reduce the threat from environmental pollution.1.3.1. Collaborate with the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) to study and monitor contaminants that potentially can cause mortality or reproduction problems and seek ways to reduce their adverse impacts. 1.3.2. Improve techniques and procedures preventing oil spills at sea (operational, accidental and chronical) and/or reducing ecological consequences. 1.3.3. Introduce ship traffic regulations in order to facilitate a shift to light fuel in sensitive areas. Encourage adoption andimplementation of a ban to use heavy oil fuel in Artic waters by International Maritime Organization (IMO).	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		3.3	Protect and manage key habitats on landand at sea as a significant contribution to safeguard populations. 3.3.1. Prepare a summary of protected areas containing important kittiwake habitats. 3.3.2. Evaluate the potential of ongoing tools such as the Framework for a Pan-Arctic Network of Marine Protected Areas and other mechanisms to protect habitats important to kittiwakes. 3.3.3. Identify important kittiwake habitats on land and at sea still requiring protection and designate them under national and international systems of protected areas (e.g. Birdlife International’s Important Bird Areas or OSPAR). 3.3.4. Identify, evaluate and implement additional conservation mechanisms such as treaties, agreements, regulations, and policies of value. Consider also collaboration with AMBI.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.2	Non consumptive use: 6. Evaluate risks from human activities. 7. Encourage non-consumptive uses of eiders	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	3.4	Habitat protection and enhancement 12. Identify important murre colonies and designate them under national and international systems of protected areas. 13. Promote the establishment of marine protected areas in important pelagic habitats for murres. 14. Contribute to the "Important Bird Areas" system to highlight important areas for murres. 15. Explore the establishment of an international network to identify and protect key areas for murres. 16. Ensure that conservation action will benefit populations, by assessing causes of population declines from an ecosystem perspective. 17. Undertake specific restoration activities to assist depressed populations to recover.	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		2.2	Reduce predation. 2.2.1 Remove introduced invasive species. 2.2.2. Perform risk analyses/assessments to identify and prioritize areas with introduced species.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group			Habitat protection Objective: Protect key habitat to ensure continued viability of Ivory Gull populations that depend on them. Actions Prepare summary of protected areas containing important Ivory Gull habitats. Evaluate the Circumpolar Protected Areas Network (CPAN) and other mechanisms to protect habitats important to the Ivory Gull. Identify important Ivory Gull habitat areas still requiring protection and designate them under national and international systems of protected areas (e.g. Birdlife International system, Important Bird Areas). Identify and implement any additional protective mechanisms such as treaties, agreements, regulations, and policies needed to protect Ivory Gull habitats.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBMP Freshwater Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		Temperature is the overriding and predominant driver for most FECs, but climate, geographical connectivity, geology, and smaller-scale environmental parameters such as water chemistry are all key drivers of Arctic freshwater biodiversity.	State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity: Key Findings and Advice for Monitoring	2016