Populations of seabirds in the circumpolar region are large and diverse. These species are important components of Arctic ecosystems, and are culturally and economically important for local communities. Since seabirds travel great distances over both marine and terrestrial environments, they are excellent indicators of overall ecosystem health.

Arctic countries often share the same seabird populations. Consequently, there is a joint and equal responsibility for the conservation of seabirds in and outside the Arctic.