In 2013, CAFF produced the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA). This assessment identified the primary factors impacting biodiversity across the Arctic and included recommendations to policy makers on how to address those stressors. One of the stressors is development, including resource extraction. Recommendation #4 of the ABA encourages all those working on development activities in the Arctic to incorporate biodiversity considerations in their planning and operations.
CBird addresses and coordinates work onCBird addresses and coordinates work onproblems related to seabird studies andconservation which are nationally relevant inRussia.
CBird listed Icelandic monitoring programs inCBird listed Icelandic monitoring programs inthe Circumpolar Seabird Monitoring Plan. TheSeabird Information Network by Cbird/CAFFprovides an international platform and contextfor the publication of Icelandic results.
CBird background processes, e.g. AMBI andCBird background processes, e.g. AMBI andCBMP Marine, are important also in nationalwork, and CAFF facilitates disseminationof information about population changes,monitoring and conservation. Synergiescould be obtained as to seabird monitoringthat feeds into e.g. HELCOM and EUreportings.
More in the report.
The UK’s involvement in the CAFF CBIRD expert The UK’s involvement in the CAFF CBIRD expertgroup is driven by the following priorities:
Based on its Arctic Policy, Japan aims to make fullBased on its Arctic Policy, Japan aims to make fulluse of its strength in science and technology andpromote Arctic Research to contribute to policydecision making and problem solving. Scientificinput and partnership via strengthened researchand projects such as the Arctic Challenge forSustainability Project (ArCS) with CBird activitiesunder CAFF is an excellent opportunity for us tocontribute as an observer country to the ArcticCouncil.
The national priorities in the Faroes are to preserve the nature at the same time as some species are exploited for food and leisure time activities.
The Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative (AMBI), is a project of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), the biodiversity working group of the Arctic Council. AMBI is designed to improve the conservation status and secure the long-term sustainability of declining Arctic breeding migratory bird populations. Through conservation of a shared natural and cultural resource, AMBI will have a positive impact on societies for whom migratory birds are a source of livelihood and spiritual inspiration.
La Iniciativa de Aves Migratorias del Ártico (“Arctic Migratory Bird Initiative” por su nombre en inglés, en adelante “AMBI”) es un proyecto de CAFF (“Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna”), el grupo de trabajo sobre biodiversidad del Consejo Ártico. AMBI fue concebido con el objetivo de mejorar el estatus de conservación y la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de las poblaciones en declive de aves migratorias que se reproducen en el Ártico (o, simplemente, aves migratorias árticas). A través de la conservación de este bien cultural y natural compartido, AMBI tendrá un impacto positivo en las sociedades para las cuales las aves migratorias son fuente de inspiración y medio de subsistencia.
Under AMBI Circumpolar Flyway Work Plan objective 4, action 1, this project, Plastic pollution and seabirds, is focused onUnder AMBI Circumpolar Flyway Work Plan objective 4, action 1, this project, Plastic pollution and seabirds, is focused onsupporting work that will increase our understanding and ability to respond accordingly to the distribution and effects ofplastic pollution on Arctic seabirds and seaducks.
The black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla, hereafter kittiwake) is a small pelagic seabird and is the most numerous gull species in the world. It has a circumpolar distribution, and breeds in the arctic and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere. It’s breeding distribution is widespread and ranges across the North Atlantic from the west coast to the Barents Sea, including Arctic Canada, Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, mainland Norway, Svalbard, Murman Coast, Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. In the Pacific, the kittiwake breeds in the Russian Far East and Alaska, USA. The kittiwake spends most of the non-breeding period offshore. Most of those breeding in the North Atlantic spend the winter in the North-West Atlantic, over the shelf, slope and deep waters off Newfoundland and Labrador and south of Greenland, whereas the Pacific birds stay in cool, productive waters north of the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone.
The Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) organizes its efforts around the major ecosystems of the Arctic: marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and coastal. For each ecosystem, a monitoring plan has been approved by the Arctic Councils' Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) working group's management board and are in implementation. The CAFF board is composed of national representatives of the eight Arctic States and Permanent Participants of the Arctic Council. The marine group and the freshwater group have published their state of the Arctic reports and the terrestrial group is expected to release their report in 2020 with the coastal to follow in the coming years. The state of the Arctic reports are assessments of their relative ecosystem, state of monitoring and provide recommendations on moving forward. The CBMP has developed a Strategic Plan (2018-2021). The CBMP Strategic Plan has the goal of keeping CBMP relevant and sustainable in the future and follows recommendations and implementation actions from the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) report (Christensen et al. 2018).
The Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan (2011) is an agreement among Arctic States to compile, harmonize and compare results from existing Arctic marine biodiversity and ecosystem monitoring efforts across the Arctic region. This work is coordinated under the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) of the Arctic Council’s Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Working Group. The CBMP is a network of scientists and traditional knowledge holders from governments, Indigenous organizations, academic institutions, and conservation groups that monitor the Arctic’s living resources.
During 2019, CAFF published the State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report (Lento et al. 2019), as well as an excerpt of the full report that focused on key findings and advice for monitoring (CAFF 2019). These reports provide the circumpolar, scientific analyses of the changes in Arctic landscapes and their lakes and rivers, and summarize key findings for decision- makers, respectively. Another major product of CBMP-Freshwater was the compilation of the freshwater database, containing all the data that had been collected and harmonized, and that underlie the analyses in the full State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report. At this stage it is timely for CBMP-Freshwater to look ahead and plan for the future. Therefore, this report details the work plan for CBMP-Freshwater for the years 2020–2024.
A North Atlantic study of seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries
Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Crawford, R., Bond, A., Sigurðsson, G.M., Glemarec, G., Hansen,Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Crawford, R., Bond, A., Sigurðsson, G.M., Glemarec, G., Hansen,E.S., Kadin, M., Kindt-Larsen, L., Mallory, M., Merkel, F.R., Petersen, A., Provencher, J., Bærum, K.M. 2019. What’sthe catch with lumpsuckers? A North Atlantic study of seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries. BiologicalConservation: Volume 240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108278
Morten Frederiksen, Jannie F. Linnebjerg, Flemming R. Merkel, Sabina I. Wilhelm & Gregory J. Robertson (2019).Morten Frederiksen, Jannie F. Linnebjerg, Flemming R. Merkel, Sabina I. Wilhelm & Gregory J. Robertson (2019).Quantifying the relative impact of hunting and oiling on Brünnich’s guillemots in the Nothwest Atlantic. PolarResearch 38: 3378. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v38.3378
Arctic FIRE led by the Gwich'in Council International aims to improve the understanding of fire ecology, the impacts in Arctic States and to communities represented by the Permanent Participants, and to reduce the threat of catastrophic wildland fire. The project seeks to promote the conservation and sustainable use of Arctic flora and fauna by mapping annual acreage burned, and developing an annual digital Arctic Fire Monitoring Journal that includes relevant Arctic fire ecology and fire-related Indigenous Knowledge research, and to evaluate the impacts of wildland fires on Arctic ecosystems, air quality, and climate change.
The Arctic Wetlands and Indigenous Peoples Study (AWIPS) is part the Resilience and Management of Arctic Wetlands Initiative (RMAWI), a project led by the Swedish Ministry of the Environment and Energy and the Stockholm Environment Institute through the Arctic Council´s Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) working group on biodiversity. AWIPS aims to capture the fundamental role Indigenous Peoples play in biodiversity conservation through engagement in Arctic wetland protected areas management.
The Circumpolar Seabird Monitoring Plan (Irons et al. 2015; CAFF Monitoring Report No. 17) included the USA seabird monitoring sites and actions, which are primarily implemented by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). In turn, the USFWS, through collaboration with other CBird members, refined their monitoring scheme to facilitate comparisons across circumpolar regions, with a focus on three key Focal Ecosystem Components - thick-billed murres, common murres, and black-legged kittiwakes.
The UK's involvement in the CAFF CBIRD group is driven by the following priorities:
our UK Arctic Policy Framework which has a commitment to help understand and protect the Arctic environment and is based on the principle of respect for the sovereign rights of the Arctic States, the indigenous peoples and others who live there, and for the Arctic environment;
our implementation of multi-lateral environmental agreements which are relevant to the Arctic (AEWA, CBD, CITES and others) including related targets such as the Aichi targets;
our desire to cooperate in the conservation of migratory wildlife we share with the Arctic; and,
our willingness to share the data we gather, whether from the UK or elsewhere, on such shared wildlife.
CBird addresses and coordinates work on issues related to seabird management and research that are very relevant for seabird research and management at the national level in Norway. Issues of particular relevance for Norway are international status assessments (e.g. SAMBR), species-specific conservation strategies and action plans (eiders, guillemots, ivory gull), assessments of seabird harvest and bycatch of seabirds in fisheries, and the development of a joint seabird monitoring programme for the circumpolar Arctic.
CBird helps putting the national work into a larger context and facilitates contact between scientist and managers in the Arctic countries.
Based on its Arctic Policy, Japan aims to make full use of its strength in science and technology and promote Arctic Research to contribute to policy decision making and problem solving.
Avian monitoring status and species prioritization were compiled in a report by Guðmundsson & Skarphéðinsson (2012).
CBird listed the current Icelandic seabird monitoring programs in the Circumpolar Seabird Monitoring Plan (Irons et al. 2015, CAFF Monitoring Report No.17).
A national priority for Greenland is to balance the preservation of wildlife while still allowing human exploitation on some of the same resources. Among the seabirds, several important havested species are shared with other Arctic countries, implying that the responsibility to secure a sustainable harvest is also shared between countries.
The French National Roadmap for the Arctic defines the protection of the marine environment as well as research and scientific cooperation as two of the French policy priorities in the Arctic and is thereby in agreement with CBird objectives. CBird objectives are also compatible with research work carried on seabirds by teams funded by the French Polar Institute and the CNRS. Research works are operated in Svalbard, Greenland, Norway and built-up collaboration with Arctic nations. These activities are also in line with the French Arctic Initiative work plan exposing the main axes of research to be explored by the French scientific community in order to further understand the major issues affecting the Arctic.
CBird background processes, e.g. AMBI, are important also in national work. In addition, significant synergies could be obtained as to seabird monitoring that nationally feed into e.g. HELCOM and EU reportings. While the Baltic Sea falls outside many Arctic sea area delineations, it hosts several CBird target species, many of which also are among national priorities.
The national priorities in the Faroes are to preserve the nature at the same time as some species are exploited for food and leisuretime activities. However, to do this properly in a sustainable way, regarding seabirds, we need much more information about the different seabird populations, for example their sizes, fluctuations and breeding biology. Most of the information is from the island Skúvoy, which is in the middle of the Faroe Islands, and the results about fluctuations in the guillemots, kittiwakes and fulmars are from a study area (figure 1) on this island. Now that tourism is rapidly increasing and boat trips to the seabird cliffs and hiking trips through seabird colonies are among the most attractive leisure-time activities it is a challenge to implement rules to minimize disturbance caused by these activities.
The CBird North Atlantic Murre Harvest Model will inform assessment and development of national and international harvest management strategies for declining populations of thick-billed murre. Ensuring sustainable harvest levels aligns with Environment and Climate Change Canada's mandate, the goals of AMBI, and the CBird Strategy and Action Plan for Murres.
CAFF Monitoring Series Report nr. 31. August 2019
The Arctic Coastal Biodiversity Monitoring Plan approved by the Foreign Ministers of the Arctic Council in May 2019 is an agreement across Arctic States to compile, harmonize and assess results from existing coastal biodiversity and ecosystem monitoring efforts, and to design a long term plan to comprehensively monitor and report change in Arctic coastal ecosystems.
Integrating Activities for Advanced CommunitiesD7.2- DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE Rif FIELD STATION
Project No.730938 INTERACT
Rif Field Station Ecosystem MonitoringRif Field Station Ecosystem MonitoringFreshwater and Terrestrial Monitoring PlanMay 2018
Developed with the direction of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) as part of INTERACT Work Package 7
Work Package 7: Improving and harmonizing biodiversity monitoring International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT)Aarhus University, Copenhagen, April 25-26, 2018
Work Package 7: Improving and harmonizing biodiversity monitoring International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT)Raufarhöfn, June 11-12, 2019
The Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP) plays a key role in supporting CAFFs mandate to address the conservation of Arctic biodiversity, communicate findings to the governments and residents of the Arctic, and help to promote practices that ensure the sustainability of the Arctics living resources.
The Actions for Arctic Biodiversity, 2013-2021 (Action Plan) comprises the implementation plan for the ABA recommendations. It is a living document that is reviewed and updated every two years. The plan is not meant to be exhaustive or to replace working group work plans; rather it is complimentary, emphasizing specific actions that address ABA recommendations.
A 2019 update on the implementation of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan in the United States.
A 2019 update on the implementation of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan in Norway.
A 2019 update on the implementation of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan in Iceland.
A 2019 update on the implementation of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan in Canada.
A 2019 update on the implementation of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan in Greenland.
An Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA) and an Arctic Vegetation Classification (AVC) are needed to support several of the biodiversity activities of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) and circumpolar activities of the International Arctic Science Committees Terrestrial Working Group (IASC TWG). Activities include recording and monitoring arctic plant-community diversity and distributions, wildlife habitat studies, and modelling the changes in the structure and function of the vegetation as the arctic climate changes.
This crosswalk analysis compares AMBI programme objectives and actions with those identified in complementary migratory bird agreements, conservation plans, environmental cooperation frameworks, and development agreements in the East Asian-Australasian flyway region.
This crosswalk analysis compares AMBIprogramme objectives and actions with those identified in complementary migratory bird agreements, conservation plans, environmental cooperation frameworks, and development agreements in the African-Eurasian flyway region.
The Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative African-Eurasian Flyway Workplan 2019-2023 available in English, French (Français), Portuguese (Português), and Spanish (Español).
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Monitoring Report, references
State of Arctic Biodiversity Freshwater Biodiversity Report, state of Arctic freshwater biodiveristy Monitoring chapter
State of Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report, freshwater biodiversity synthesis chapter.
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report, fish chapter
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report, benthic macroinvertebrates chapter.
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report, zooplankton chapter
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report, macrophytes chapter
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report, plankton chapter
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report, Algae from benthic samples chapter.
State of Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report Status and trends chapter containing algae, plankton, macrophytes, zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrate, and fish.
State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report: drivers of change in Arctic freshwaters chapter
Introduction to the State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report.
Executive Summary of the State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report
Acknowledgements for the State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report.
The Arctic Coastal Biodiversity Monitoring Plan (Coastal Monitoring Plan) is the fourth and final circumpolar biodiversity monitoring plan to be completed under the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP). The Arctic Coastal Biodiversity Monitoring Plan is a long-term, integrated, multi-disciplinary, circumpolar plan that relies on science and Traditional Knowledge to monitor changes occuring in Arctic coastal biodiveristy and has direct and relevant application for communities, industry, governments, and other users.
This document provides an update on activities pertaining to the Arctic Spatial Data Infrastructure, May 2019.
A progress on CAFF's activities to implement the Actions for Arctic Biodiversity during 2017-2019.
Progress report on CAFF's activities on the Arctic Biodiversity Data Service (ABDS) 2017-2019.
The State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report (SAFBR), is a product of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) Freshwater Group of the Arctic Councils Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Working Group. The SAFBR provides a synthesis of the state of knowledge about biodiversity in Arctic freshwater ecosystems (e.g., lakes, rivers, and associated wetlands), identifying detectable changes and important gaps in our ability to assess biodiversity across a number of Focal Ecosystem Components (FECs; see Box 1): fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, planktonic algae, diatoms (algae), and macrophytes. The overall goal of the SAFBR is to assess the current status and trends of freshwater biodiversity of FECs across the Arctic on a circumpolar scale.
This report identifies key challenges and possible solutions for incorporating biodiversity considerations into mining operations in the Arctic.
This is the AMBI Work Plan for 2019-2023.
A progress report on actions and activities for the Salmon Peoples of Arctic Rivers project.
An update on CAFF's activities and actiosn pertaining to Traditional Knowledge during 2017-2019.
This is the workshop report for the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program Coastal Expert Monitoring Group and Nordic Workshop, Tromsø, Norway, January 9-10, 2018.
The Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program's (CBMP) Strategic Plan is intended to explain the overarching goals of the CBMP for the period 2018-2021, and to outline actions to deliver on those goals. It will guide the management of the program and help ensure the programs continued relevance to the needs of the Arctic States, Permanent Participants, scientific and Arctic communities, and other partners.
Proceedings report of the Coastal Expert Monitoring Group's expert workshop in Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.A., October 11-13, 2017.
This report describes the progress over the past year to implement the CBMP Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Monitoring Plan and the workplan for the year ahead.
Marine Fishes of the Arctic Region is intended for all who do research in and monitoring of marine ecosystems in the Arctic. It presents accounts for 205 species with maps of global distribution and descriptions of morphology and habitat, as well as a photographic identification guide. Information on 24 other species present only in the fringes of the Arctic Region or taxonomically problematic is given in the introductions to the fish families. As the Arctic continues to warm, more cold-temperate species are expected to enter the region and the distribution of true Arctic species will likely retract as the area of ice-covered cold water shrinks. The maps in this atlas can be used to compare future changes in distributions. The identification guide will be particularly helpful for identifying cold-water species, since fewer identification tools are available for this group of fishes.
Reference: Walker, Donald A.; Daniëls, Fred J.A.; Matveyeva, Nadezhda V.; `ibík, Jozef; Walker, Marilyn D.; Breen, Amy L.; Druckenmiller, Lisa A.; Raynolds, Martha K.; Bültmann, Helga; Hennekens, Stephan; Buchhorn, Marcel; Epstein, Howard E.; Ermokhina, Ksenia; Fosaa, Anna M.; Heimarsson, Starri; Heim, Birgit; Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S.; Koroleva, Natalia; Lévesque, Esther; MacKenzie, William H.; Henry, Greg H.R.; Nilsen, Lennart; Peet, Robert; Razzhivin, Volodya; Talbot, Stephen S.; Telyatnikov, Mikhail; Thannheiser, Dietbert; Webber, Patrick J.; Wirth, Lisa M. 2017. Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Classification. Phytocoenologia. DOI: 10.1127/phyto/2017/0192
A 2017 update on the implementation of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan in Greenland.
A 2017 update on the implementation of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan in Canada.
A 2017 update on the implementation of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Plan in Norway.
Dutkka duoddara! Buot aattut ja eallit mat dárbbaait duoddara birgejit ie~aset; gottit, skuolffit, rievssahat, jeahkálat ja máKgasat earát!
Gia lea jagi buoremus áigi! Eallit ja aattut ealáskit. Dutkka ie~at guovllu birrasa!
Oahpa eanet Árktalaa guovlluid ládduid ja luou eallima birra. Ráhkat ázevuloa geah an-áa ja duoaid dutkagoae!
The International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT)is an EU funded initiative working towards building capacity to help identify, understand,predict and respond to environmental changes across the Arctic.INTERACT Work Package (WP) 7 Improving and harmonizing biodiversity monitoring is ledby the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Arctic Council Working Group. Theoverall goal of WP7 is to test the circumpolar Freshwater and Terrestrial Arctic biodiversitymonitoring plans of CAFFs cornerstone program, the Circumpolar Biodiversity MonitoringProgram (CBMP), at INTERACT stations. The goal of the CBMP monitoring plans is to harmonize and integrate efforts to monitor theArctic's living resources through a network of scientists, governments, Indigenousorganizations, and conservation groups. Through this harmonization and integration, themonitoring plans facilitate more rapid detection, communication, and response to thesignificant pressures affecting the circumpolar world.
A CAFF progress report to the Senior Arctic Officials at their Maine, USA, October 2016 meeting.
A CAFF progress report to the Senior Arctic Officials at their Oulu, Finland, October 2017 meeting.
A CAFF progress report to the Senior Arctic Officials at their Juneau, USA, March 2017 meeting.
Regular progress reports are prepared to guide adjustments in the suite of implementation actions over the lifetime of the plan to achieve greater impact, meet new challenges, and take advantage of opportunities that arise. See here report evaluatimg progress from 2013-17
Arctic Migratory Birds InitiativeArctic Migratory Birds InitiativeEast Asian-Australasian Flyway Workshop Report
A draft set of Arctic biodiversity principles was developed, based on the findings and recommendations of the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA). Basing the principles on the ABA ensures they are well-grounded in science, in line with Arctic Council priorities and will provide a robust framework for mainstreaming applications. We sought advice from ten people with experience in biodiversity mainstreaming and conducted a literature and website review. Results from the interviews and review are summarized and discussed.
The U.S. Chairmanship of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group is proud to support the diverse communities, wildlife, lands, and marine areas of the Arctic. Find out more here.
The Arctic Invasive Alien Species (ARIAS) Strategy and Action Plan sets forth the priority actions that the Arctic Council and its partners are encouraged to take to protect the Arctic region from a significant threat: the adverse impacts of invasive alien species. These priority actions span terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems. The actions take environmental, cultural, and economic perspectives into consideration, including drivers, impacts, and response measures.
Implementation Strategy for the Arctic Migratory Bird Initiative (AMBI) Americas Flyway. Detailed implementation strategies for priority action areas from the AMBI Workplan. The AMBI is a CAFF project that seeks to protect Arctic lifestyles and peoples through migratory bird conservation.
This report provides an implementation evaluation of the first half of the Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative (AMBI).
This report describes the progress over the past year to implement the CBMP Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Monitoring Plan.
Tutustu tundraan! Opi tuntemaan peurat, pöllöt, kiirunat, jäkälät ja monet muut tundralla elävät kasvit ja eläimet!
Kevät on vuoden parasta aikaa, sillä silloin eläimet ja kasvit heräävät eloon. Lähde tutkimaan, miten kevät muuttaa kotiseutusi luontoa!
